Genetics

This post ranks five human metabolite studies by what each design can license rather than by how interesting the molecule is, with no animal model among them. It covers the JAMA Neurology study following anti-CD320 autoantibodies to a blocked transcobalamin receptor and a CNS-restricted vitamin B12 deficiency measured in CSF, confirmed in two independent cohorts, with four of five treated patients improving. It then covers the metabolomic aging pair: the Multiple Sclerosis paper showing patients run 9.77 years ahead of chronological age, 4.90 years in treatment-naive patients, with a social deprivation gradient, and the Annals of Neurology paper in which a ketogenic diet and intermittent calorie restriction both lowered the clock while daily calorie reduction inside the same randomization did not. It closes on the matched comparison of severe against ambulatory progressive MS, where the biomarker correlation network itself was remodelled, and the twelve-month single-arm dietary cohort whose authors list what their design cannot show.