Genetics

While multiple sclerosis (MS) has long been seen as an inflammatory disease marked by relapses and lesions, new research reveals a deeper, quieter process unfolding within the brain itself. This blog explores how resident brain cells—microglia and astrocytes—fuel chronic inflammation and neurodegeneration that continue even when relapses stop. Drawing on recent scientific advances, we look at how these “helper” cells can turn harmful, why progression often defies current treatments, and how rethinking MS as a whole-brain disorder could pave the way for therapies that not only suppress inflammation but truly protect and repair the nervous system.