Genetics

Three 2026 studies find a single polygenic number insufficient in MS. Kreft and colleagues show four genomic risk scores predict no disability milestone on their own, while unsupervised clustering of the same four scores in 1,455 Welsh patients separates three groups with different disability trajectories and different treatment responses. Nova and colleagues follow 486,908 UK Biobank participants and find vitamin C supplementation associated with lower MS risk only in the upper part of the genetic score range. Okuda and colleagues measure no genotype and separate inflammatory protein profiles on three cardiometabolic diagnoses.