Genetics

This post covers Kupjetz and colleagues' 2025 study in Neurology: Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation, the largest kynurenine pathway analysis in multiple sclerosis to date, pooling 353 patients against 111 healthy individuals. Its central tension is that most kynurenines came back lower in patients rather than higher, against the standard inflammation account, with only neopterin, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid and the quinolinic-to-kynurenic ratio raised. The post examines how much of the two derived patterns rests on single measurements, why the disability associations do not survive adjustment for age, why the correlations with body fat and fitness are larger than those with the disease, and the treatment and diet confounds left out of the models.